Tennessee Aircraft Sales Tax

June 21, 1941, Stalin's office ...

Alexander Bondarenko, "Red Star".

In "Red Star» (№ 104) was published an excerpt from diary Marshal SM Budyonny "Stalin: The Germans may attack us tomorrow ...", which aroused great interest history buffs. But some of our readers have expressed doubts about the veracity of the fact of Stalin's conversations with military leaders on June 21 on the theme of the upcoming attack Germany on the USSR. To ensure credibility of the deceased marshal, the editors had little historical investigation and found that There are several archival documents confirming the rightness Budyonny.

First, save a draft of a secret order CPSU (B) The organization of the Southern Front and the appointment of commanders. In particular, Budyonny was appointed commander of the armies of the second line - with headquarters in Bryansk. The text of the decree, as it turned out, written by Secretary of the CC, GM Malenkov, 21 June 1941. In Soviet times it was kept in the so-called "special folder" - documents the highest secrecy.
Secondly, there is a magazine visit IV Stalin in his Kremlin office. A careful researcher will find in it a lot interesting information. For example, June 19, Stalin took only four people. From evening until half past midnight, he spoke with Defense Commissar SK Timoshenko, Chief of Staff, GK Zhukov, commander of the Air Force, PF Zhigareva, as well as chairman of the Defense Committee in the People's Commissars of the USSR KE Voroshilov, not null trust the leader and after the dismissal of the People's Commissar of Defence. June 20 he went alone Zhigarev - from 23.45 to 0.45. One can understand that on the eve of the war Stalin was very worried aviation issues.
the last peaceful day, according to records from June 21, in the office of the governor visited 10 people. At 18.27 it went to People's Commissar for Foreign Minister VM Molotov. At 5.19 to Joseph Vissarionovich come - the next is indicated by the magazine - KE Voroshilov, Commissar of the Interior, LP Beria, the chairman of Gosplan USSR NA Voznesensky, secretary of the GM Malenkov, Commissar of the Navy NG Kuznetsov, SK Timoshenko. In
20.15 Voznesensky, Kuznetsov and Tymoshenko left office. But after 35 minutes (20.50) Tymoshenko once again went to Stalin - now accompanied by GK Zhukov and Deputy Defense Commissar SM Budyonny. At 21.55 in the room went Commissar State Control LZ Mehlis. At 22.20, a half hour conversation, and captains - Timoshenko, Zhukov, Budyonny - leaving Stalin's office. With them came Malenkov and Mehlis. Recent study of the leader left, Molotov, Voroshilov, Beria. The clock was 23.00. Judging from the log book, they, along with Stalin, participated in making the last pre-war decisions of the Soviet leadership.
The next morning, when it became known that Nazi Germany began to invade USSR, Stalin in his office in 5.45 gathered Molotov, Beria, Timoshenko, Mehlis, and Zhukov. But that's another story ...

---

Resolution
Politburo of the CPSU (b)
the organization of the Southern Front and the appointment of commanders

special folder on June 21, 1941

I
1. To organize the Southern Front in the two armies to the seat of the Military Council in Vinnitsa.
2. Commander of the Southern Front to appoint so Tuleneva, while leaving behind him the post of commander of the MBO.
3. Member of the Military Council of the Southern Front to appoint so plows.
II
view is seconded Zaporozhtsya member of the Military Council of the Southern Front, assign that Mehlis's head General Directorate of political propaganda of the Red Army to preserve his position of Commissar of State Control.
III
1. Appointed commander of the armies of the second line is Budyonny.
2. Member of the Military Council of the armies of the second line to designate the Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) that Malenkov.
3. Instruct the People's Commissar of Defense that Tymoshenko and the commander of the armies of the second line is Budyonny organize headquarters, with its seat in Bryansk.
IV
instructed to beg. General Staff Zhukov is the general management of South-western and southern fronts, on the spot.
V
instructed that Meretskov overall management of the northern front, on the spot.
VI
appoint members Military Council of the Northern Front Secretary of the Leningrad City Committee of the CPSU (b) T. Kuznetsova.

Outlet Moncler Milano

Special report PREPARATION OF GERMAN WAR AGAINST THE USSR

Based on the number of tested agents' data, military Preparation of Germany against the Soviet Union in recent years, especially since 25 May, conducted more intensive and is characterized by the following data:

during the second half of May the Germans increased their forces in the 3.2 ng, two armored divisions, "SS", mainly in the area Ostroleka, Prasnysh, Mlawa, Tsehanov. Division "SS" in Suwalki (the data should be checked).

particularly characterized the arrival of artillery pieces, armored units and broneavtomashin.

simultaneously celebrated the arrival of air defense systems, PECVD. For example, in the area of Warsaw - 130 guns PTO, 51-second anti-aircraft artillery regiments; Mlawa - Anti-aircraft division, and division VET.

17.4 in the direction of island (to the line of the state border), followed 165 guns VET, caliber 37 mm.

air defense antitank marked by a number of sources, directly on the state border, in firing positions in the areas of: Suwalki, Olyianka, Malkin, Sokolov, and in depth - Warsaw, Lodz, Grodisk, Deblin.

Delivery of ammunition: 25.4 to the airport Okecie (Warsaw), 63 car bombs were unloaded. In late April, the airport "Sochaczew" delivered 15 cars bombs, some of them presumably of 1000 kg.

13.4 in Warsaw, came to 59 wagons of gunpowder in Rembert - 16 cars, Radom - 12 cars, Sochaczew - 2 cars.

During the period from 9 to 14.5, Warsaw airport were more than 200 aircraft.

At the rate of Kalisz, Lodz, Warsaw, established in 1986 the arrival of aircraft. In Warsaw, concentrated large aviasoedinenie. In Konigsberg - 118 aircraft, some of them dive-bombers.

From 4.29 to 5.21 observed training flights: Allenstein - 317, Danzig - 50, Pillau - 51.

from 12.5 in the Danzig conducted air defense exercises, involving aircraft, coastal artillery and ships.

10.5 from Berlin to Konigsberg arrived early. Staff, 1 st Air Force General von Vulikh.

17.5 he flew to Insterburg.

17.5 flew to Berlin.

15.5 from Warsaw to Königsberg came generals.

17.5 noted the arrival of the generals in Lodz. Purpose Travel is not installed.

at all railway stations APRONS held white stripes; rail poles, which are kept lean-tos to the inputs in railway buildings of 1-2 meters from the base, painted with white paint. All steps of cars also painted white. All this is done to prevent panic in the getting on and off during blackout. (The white pillars, you can find the door.)

At nightfall, the Border is transmitted to field units, which it shall be until the morning.

movement of civilians in the Border. bandwidth is minimized. The whole band is in close proximity to the border intensified artillery and machine-gun positions, with the complete organization of telephone communications between the batteries, command, observation points.

for the recent increase in artillery live-fire exercises.

pogranpolosy population living on farms of small crustaceans, Pazhiha (South-Eastern Zboyna), Ore-Osovetskaya and others (all nationalities) evicted in the hinterland.

Farms used to mask the positions and firing points.

population of the villages and towns has received formal instruction that, if anyone during the war would panic - he will be shot on location.

All civilian medical facilities in large and small settlements of the General Government - is caught up in hospitals. Hospitals are provided as appropriate, the number of beds, and German caregivers (Warsaw).

finalized all civilian objects to measures of AD and PD (blackout, fire prevention measures, decontamination chambers, etc.).

To date, the railway bridges, and bridges on the highways east of Warsaw - restored and partly re-built. All bridges across pp. Vistula, Bug, Narew - Protected by field units.

Ends hidden mobilization of officials for future positions in the western Soviet Union, what were the documents and reported in razvedsvodkah number 10 and 13. These officials all warned and are just waiting for the start of hostilities.

many churches and cemeteries of all faiths used for warehouses, firing positions and observation posts (machine gun, and art. the point at the cemetery fence, ammunition depots under the church) - Suwalki, Island, Siedlce.

Obviously, in a future war against the USSR, the German High Command intends to distribute reports that the Reds have bombed churches and cemetery. This tactic can be a good play on the religious feelings, mainly Poles.

in Prague, Czech paratroopers operating rates at which mobilized members of the Belarusian Committee of Warsaw. At the beginning of hostilities skydivers will throw in the rear of the Soviet Belarus for perform the tasks of sabotage. Raised took the oath of storing secrets.

Apiaries at the station (11 km South-Eastern Rózsa), 05/24/1941, the special commission, headed by General, investigated the possible average daily discharge troop trains at this station. The first trains, which now follow with the Balkan theater General Government, 2-3 June, presumably, would be unloaded at the station. Apiary.

The fact that the possibility of outbreak of hostilities the Germans against the Soviet Union not excluded in June of m-chains, the following facts: according to information that requires verification, 05.24.1941, the subsidiary of German intelligence in Ciechanow sent to the territory USSR five agents with the installation: return not later than 05/06/1941, the

One of the agents said that by that time, from Bialystok and Grodno, he will not have time to return. Major - beg. razvedpunkta on this answer: after 05/06/1941, the possible outbreak of hostilities with the Soviet Union, because he can not, outside of these dates to ensure the life agent, so visit Bialystok and Grodno him expelled.

Agents go into areas: Kolno, Lomza, pure Boron (Art. 13 km South-Eastern Lomza) and Zambra.

All agents have the following tasks:

a) set% b officers. royal army, consisting now serving in the Red Army, and their attitude toward the Soviet regime;

b) what% of the Army has Soviet officers have received training from the officers used. imperial army, and their attitude towards the Bolsheviks and their moral character;

a) what is% of officers - descendants of the Bolshevik schools and trained only Bolshevik officers;

r) are encouraged if the Red Army officers were used. Polish army, if yes, what is their attitude towards this event and their moral character;

e) the mood of the civilian population: they say the Poles, Belarusians, and especially the Jews, maintaining contact with the Anglo-American Jews. Whether they consider it possible that the USSR would be able to resist the Germans.

Polish population the experience of preparing for war in Germany and Poland in 1939 and German soldiers on the existing experience of war - also consider the inevitable outbreak of hostilities with the Soviet Union in the near future.

To date, the overwhelming majority of the working class of the General Government is sympathetic to the USSR.

numerically and economically predominant low-power Polish peasants (4-5 ha) in an extreme case will remain neutral (in time of war events), and in many cases will provide active assistance of the Red Army.

Polish upper class, as well as most of the officers of the German armies, which are concentrated in a band against the commandments, believe that their success in the war with the Soviet Union will be provided. The main argument in their opinion are as follows: "failure" of the USSR in the Finnish operations and growth of the alleged domestic discontent in the USSR, especially in the newly annexed areas.

Former Polish, the most privileged bourgeois intellectuals (lawyers, doctors, freelancers) is set up anti-Soviet. This social category is currently employed by the Germans.

should also be borne in mind that in the past weeks of political and national press with regard to non-Germanic nationalities somewhat weakened, but rising prices and economic plunder of the nations continues to grow even in larger sizes than before.

CONCLUSION

information about the accelerated training of theater and the strengthening of military forces in the strip against the commandments - are trustworthy.

data about the arrival of two divisions of the SS "in Suwalki - require additional verification.

Chief of Staff of the intelligence Zapovit

Colonel BLOKHIN

Head 3rd Dep. PO Staff Zapovit

Major Samoilovich

3.6.41, the

TsAMO. F. 11ZA. Op. 1448. D. 6, L. 181-187.

Ideas For Parents 45th Anniversary Party

"NOTE THE GOVERNMENT OF THE USSR, the presentation of the Polish Ambassador In Moscow in the morning on 17 September 1939



Mr. Ambassador,

Polish-German war has revealed the internal inconsistency of the Polish state. Within ten days of military operations, Poland has lost all of its industrial areas and cultural centers. Warsaw as the capital of Poland did not exist anymore. The Polish government had collapsed and shows no signs of life. This means that the Polish state and its government effectively ceased to exist. Thus ceased operation of the treaty concluded between the USSR and Poland. To itself and left without leadership, Poland has become a convenient field for all contingencies and surprises that could create threat to the USSR. Therefore, being hitherto neutral, the Soviet government can no longer be neutral between these facts.

Soviet government also can not indifferent to the fact that the half-Ukrainians and Belarusians living in Poland, abandoned to their fate, remain defenseless.

view of this situation the Soviet government ordered the General Command of the Red Army to order the troops to go the border and take under its protection the lives and property of the population of Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia.

Simultaneously, the Soviet government intended to take all measures to ensure that the rescue of the Polish people, the ill-fated war, where he was thrown into his foolish leaders, and give him the opportunity to live a peaceful life.

Accept, Mr. Ambassador, the assurances of the perfect for your consideration.

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR

Molotov

Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Poland, the Polish Embassy, Moscow Grzhibovsky "

Signature 2000 By Admiral

a result, by 1938 Poland

a result, by 1938 Poland had territorial claims to all States on the perimeter borders - to Danzig, Lithuania, USSR (Minsk, Kiev, Odessa), Czechoslovakia and Germany. In Warsaw, did not hesitate to emphasize: "Since the First World War gave Poland independence and regained part of the Polish native land, it is hoped that another great war will bring Poland, the rest of its territory. "

March 11 1938 on the demarcation line that divided Poland and Lithuania, was found dead Polish soldier. March 13 Warsaw placed the responsibility for his death on Lithuanian side and rejected its proposal to establish a joint commission to investigate the incident. The Polish army began preparations for the invasion of territory of the eastern neighbor, and only the firm stance of the USSR prevented the occupation of Lithuania.

During the Sudeten crisis in the autumn of the same in 1938 Poland, together with Germany, demanded that the division of Czechoslovakia. On the orders of his government on October 1, Czechoslovak troops began to retreat from the Polish border, and the next Day Polish troops occupied the area Tesin.

March 25, 1939 in Warsaw, there were mass demonstrations with slogans: "Down with the German dogs! Long live Polish Danzig! "at the German Embassy were smashed all the windows. At the same time in Krakow and Poznan, the crowd of Poles committed the German pogroms.

«In the middle August Poles as a precautionary measure spent hundreds of arrests among the local Germans. The German publishers and the press banned. August 24 eight Germans who had been arrested in Upper Silesia, had been shot on his way to jail. " And this quote is not from the speeches of Joseph Goebbels, and the monograph by the Dutch anti-fascist Louis de Jong ...

Polish generals were eager to fight, planning for a month to take Berlin, which was created a powerful grouping of central ...

I Have A Dry Cough And Mucus Is Coming Out Of Eye

№ 95. NOTE minister of defense of the USSR

№ 95. NOTE Defense Commissar of the USSR and the Chief of Red Army General Staff in the CPSU (B), JV Stalin and VM Molotov, The Foundations of the strategic deployment of the Soviet Armed Forces In the West and East on 1940 and 1941

b / n

[no later than August 19, 1940]

special importance
Sov. Secret
only personally

I report for your consideration considerations the basics of the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces of the USSR in the West and the East for 1940 and 1941.

I. The most likely opponents

current political situation in Europe creates the possibility of armed clashes on our western borders.

This armed conflict may be limited to only our western borders, but there is a possibility and an attack by Japan of our Far Eastern borders.

on our western borders of most likely opponent will be Germany, as for Italy, it is possible her participation in the war, or rather, her performance in the Balkans, making us an indirect threat.

Warfare USSR and Germany can engage in military conflict with us - in order to revenge - Finland and Romania, and possibly Hungary.

if the probability of armed neutrality on the part of Iran and Afghanistan, perhaps an open revolt against the Soviet Union in Turkey, inspired by the Germans.

Thus, the Soviet Union must be ready to fight on two fronts: in the West against Germany, supported by Italy, Finland and Romania, and perhaps also Turkey and the East - with Japan as an open enemy or the enemy occupying the position of armed neutrality, always the Mighty go into open conflict.

II. The armed forces of potential enemies

main strongest opponent is Germany.

Germany currently has deployed up to: 200 infantry divisions, 15 armored divisions, 5 -7 light divisions, 10 motorized divisions, 8 Mountain Division; 2.3 airborne divisions.

total to 240 - 243 divisions, with a total of up to 8 million people, 13 900 aircraft and up to 9-10 thousand different types of tanks.

military situation in Western Europe, allows the Germans to transfer most of the forces against our western borders.

still unfinished when the war with England expected we can assume that in the occupied countries and regions of Germany will be left up to 50 divisions and in the depths of up to 20 divisions.

Thus, these divisions above 243 to 173 divisions, of which up to 138 infantry, 15 tanks, 10 motorized, 5 lung and 3 airborne divisions, and up to 12000 aircraft will be directed against our borders. \\ 182 \\

Finland - will be able to put up against the Soviet Union, 15 infantry divisions.

Romania - currently has 45 infantry divisions, 4 Cavalry Division and about 1100 aircraft, of which one can expect that the Soviet Union will be used up to 30 infantry divisions, 3 cavalry divisions and 900 aircraft.

Hungary - will be able to put up against the Soviet Union up to 15 infantry divisions, 2 armored divisions and 2 cavalry brigades.

total, taking into account the above-mentioned possible adversaries, the Soviet Union in the West can be deployed:

Germany - 173 peh.div., 10.000 tanks, airplanes 12.000;

Finland - 15 peh.div; 0 - tanks; 400 aircraft;

Romania - 30 peh.div., 250 tanks, 900 aircraft;

Hungary - 15 peh.div., 300 tanks, 600 aircraft;

Total - 233 peh.div., 10,550 tanks, 13,900 aircraft .

NOTE: As stated above - Italy and Turkey are not considered direct rivals in the table are not included.

the East - Japan, is now leading a war with China, has mobilized almost his entire army, deploying 49 infantry divisions, 4 cavalry brigades, 2 motomehbrigady, to 1570 tanks and 3420 planes.

the attack on the USSR, Japan more part of their forces to send in northern Manchuria, leaving China for the occupation of the occupied areas of about 10 infantry divisions, 1 - 2 cavalry brigades and a part mixed brigades.

Thus, in northern Manchuria and Korea, as well as on expeditions to Sakhalin and Kamchatka can be expected up to 39 infantry divisions and 2500 aircraft 1200 tanks and 4000 guns. Army Manchukuo not taken into account as having minor importance.

Thus, when the war on two fronts, the Soviet Union should be considered with focus on its borders - some 270 infantry divisions, 11,750 tanks and aircraft 16.400.

III. Likely operational plans of opponents

documentary data on the operational plans of potential enemies as to the West and the East General Staff spacecraft does not have.

the most likely assumptions strategic deployment of the possible opponents are:

the West

[here deployments opponents]

IV. The foundation of our strategic Deployment

During this period, if necessary, the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union on two fronts is necessary to consider major fronts - the West, here, and should focus our main strength.

In the East, taking into account the probability of occurrence against us significant Japanese forces, it is necessary to appoint such a force, which fully guarantee the stability of our position.

rest of our border must be covered minimal forces, namely:

[skip]

total on the northern and southern borders of the field troops left:

11 infantry divisions, 7 of the mountain;

6 Cavalry 2 tank divisions and brigades.

for action in the East against Japan, it is necessary to appoint:

26 infantry divisions, of which 3 Motorized Division, 4 Cavalry division;

3 separate infantry brigades, \\ 185 \\

three airborne brigades, 8 separate tank brigades, a total of 3,268 tanks;

43 Aviation Regiment, composed of 2,778 aircraft and 692 aircraft Pacific Fleet, but only 3,470 airplanes.

best left on the northern, southern and eastern borders of the USSR:

37 infantry divisions;

10 cavalry Divisions 3 otd.strelk.brigady;

three airborne brigades, 10 armored brigades;

65 aviation regiments based air defense of Moscow, Leningrad and Baku.

For reference operations in the West are appointed:

143 strelk.divizii, 23 of which with term readiness from 15 to 30 days and 6 national Baltic;

eight motorized divisions;

18 armored divisions;

10 cavalry divisions;

14 otd.tankovyh teams;

172 Aviation Regiment, a total of 10,320 aircraft.

V. Framework of the strategic deployment

[skip]

Thus, from the Baltic Sea coast to the upper r.Pripyat against a possible 120 - 123 infantry and motorized divisions and 10 tank divisions Germans, we have:

89 infantry divisions, including 6 national and 15 with term availability 15 - 30 days;

five motorized divisions;

11 armored divisions;

7 otdel.tankovyh teams;

3 cavalry divisions;

94 Aviation Regiment, a total of about 5500 tanks and 5500 planes.

More here may also be involved Part or all stationed in the Leningrad area and south of aviation of the Northern Front.

These divisions can be deployed in the following time:

on day 6 from the beginning to mobilize 18 divisions;

on day 15 to 46 divisions;

for 25 days to 62 divisions;

other divisions by the end of the first month of the war.

objectives of the Air Force will:

1. Joint action by ground troops against the enemy's rank and above all by its major groupings;

2. The fight against enemy aircraft;

3. Together with the sea air and naval fighting navy of the enemy in the Baltic Sea and its attempts to for amphibious landings;

4. The fight against enemy aircraft, attacks on German airfields, and especially in East Prussia;

5. Prohibition of military transport by concentrating;

6. Strikes at major military installations.

south of the headwaters r.Pripyat to the Black Sea coast is designed to have a South-West Front.

main task of the front - active defense in the Carpathians and along the border with Romania to cover the western Ukraine and Bessarabia, at the same time, a blow from the front Bridges, Great, Rava-Russian, Senyava in the general direction of Lublin, together with the left-flank the army of the Western Front to defeat the Ivangorod-Lublin the enemy, go out and gain a foothold on the middle reaches r.Visla.

in front of five armies have 5, 6, 12, 18 and 9.

[skip]

Thus, to the south of the headwaters r.Pripyat against 50 German, 30 and 15 Rumanian Hungarian infantry divisions, we have:

44 infantry divisions;

three motorized divisions;

7 armored divisions;

4 otd.tankovye Brigade;

7 cavalry divisions;

58 regiments of aviation.

str.divizy Of these we have:

concentration on day 6 to 19 divisions; concentration on day 10 to 32 divisions;

on day 15 concentration up to 36 divisions;

other divisions by the end of the first month of the war.

objectives of air forces in the south-western front are:

[the same as the north of the Pripyat]

in the west coast of the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea coast is appointed:

127 infantry divisions;

eight motorized divisions;

18 armored divisions;

10 cavalry divisions;

10 otd.tankovyh teams;

144 Aviation Regiment.

Strategic deployment in the north-west of our borders is subject to the first defense of Leningrad, a cover of the Murmansk railway and retention for our complete domination in the Gulf.

entry into the war of Finland, it is unlikely the most valid case of simultaneous involvement in War of Finland and Germany.

Given the possible correlation of forces, our actions in the northwest have come down to the active defense of our borders.

For in the north-west is designed to have a northern front, consisting of two separate armies and str.korpusa.

[skip]

total on the northern front is appointed:

11 infantry divisions;

2 otd.strelkovye Brigade, 3 otd.tankovye Brigade;

23 Aviation Regiment, a total of 1,380 aircraft.

These forces can be the Northern Front be deployed for 6 - 8 day of mobilization.

objectives BB forces of the front will be:

[similar]

Tasks Navy:

[skip]

VI. Framework of the strategic deployment in the East

[skip]

When you deploy the Armed Forces of the USSR on two fronts (West and East) provide transfer to the West from the Trans-Baikal Military District, one str.divizy (46) and mechanized corps, consisting of two armored divisions and one Motorized Division.

for action in the East would provide: 26 str.divizy, 4 cavalry divisions, 3 dep. str.brigady, 8 armored brigades and 43 regiments of aviation, with the formulation of these problems.

Zabaikalsky front

[skip]

Far Eastern Front.

[skip]

In total, the Far Eastern Front:

24 pages Division;

4 str.brigady;

2 kavaler.divizii;

five tank brigades;

28 regiments of aviation.

Objectives Air Force Front:

[skip]

All the East for this option to have:

30 infantry divisions, 6 of them from the SibVO;

4 motostr.divizii;

four infantry brigades;

2 tank divisions;

four cavalry divisions;

eight tank brigades;

47 regiments of aviation.

Reporting the foundation of our strategic deployment in the West and the East, I ask for their consideration.

APPENDIX: it is particularly important. circuit number 1.

People's Commissioner Soviet Defense
Marshal (S. Timoshenko)
Chief of General Staff
K [RAAS SB] A [rmii]
Marshal Shaposhnikov B.

CA Defense Ministry. F. 16. Op.2951. D.239. Ll. 1-37. Manuscript on the letterhead: "The People's Commissar of Defence of the USSR." There is litter: "It is written in one copy. Artist deputy. Beg. Oper.upr. Maj.-Gen. Василевский". Подлинник, автограф Б.М.Шапошникова.

Put Wheels On A Tripod

Missiles Air-to-air "

"Осуществлена очень большая проработка аэродинамики самолета, все его оружие будет находиться внутри the fuselage, "- said the Russian Air Force commander, Army General Vladimir Mikhailov.

on the paper material of the designer of" State Design Bureau "Vympel" them. II Toropov "GA Sokolowski at the Jubilee Scientific Conference "Air system in the XXI century".

«In accordance with the arms of Russia Vympel is developing advanced products air-to-air "light, medium and long range with a gradual build-up of their fighting characteristics to equip fighter 5 th generation. High tactical characteristics of promising products will sustain superiority in the air combat aircraft to the 5 th generation of aircraft JSF, F-22, EFA. Constructive study of promising products is carried out in accordance with their internal arrangement, which is carried out the first time on Russian fighter "- the report said.

In the area of short-range weapons, according to a report, work is underway to upgrade the family R-73 missiles. The near future - ed. 760, the so-called "2-nd stage of modernization." Characteristics of missiles built up by equipping its combined system management of TGS, the inertial system (MIS) and the receiver line updating. Target acquisition can be carried out after the run target designation from the ISU. Transverse size of the missile 320 x 320 mm. It can capture the target for the trajectory and when you start to make a U-turn at 160 degrees. Ed. 760 is ready to Tests and can be put into production in 2010.

creates almost a new short-range missiles, short-range highly maneuverable aircraft battlefield and missile defense, received the designation K-MD (ed. 300). It is planned as a weapon with superior performance characteristics of the characteristics of these foreign perspective prototypes as ASRAAM and Sidewinder-9X. The missile is equipped with a matrix of TGS with the possibility of pattern recognition and increased by half a range of capture. Dual-mode engine with running time to 100 seconds and three-channel gas flow control device (K-74 - four-channel). Expected completion by 2013.
In the area medium-range weapons are the modernization of the P-77. The first improved version of the product launch was 170-1. The next stage of modernization - ed. 180. Lattice wheels will be replaced by flat neskladyvayuschiesya rudders. Missile to be equipped with new multi-mode active-passive CSG. Passive mode will build on the SD sources of noise and emitting radar of enemy planes. Launch range will increase by 2 - 3.5 times. The rocket could be ready by 2010.
separate direction of development of RSD family ed. 170 is the creation of ed. 180-PD enhanced range - initiative project.
in the arms of long-range Vympel performs work on upgrading the R-37. As part of preliminary design on a competitive basis based on ed. 610M developed new ed. 810. This missile should be placed in the inner compartments. Range increased by a factor of 1.5, the flight altitude targets up to 40 km. Hours Unit - 360 sec. In service in 2013.

..... At its booth, MRI "Agat", part of Air Defense Concern Almaz-Antey ", put new active radar homing (ARS), 9B-1103M 350 mm and 150 mm, and serial ARS RVV-AE missiles. 9B-1103M head with a diameter of 150 mm rockets designed for small-caliber target acquisition and provides a class "fighter" at a distance of 13 km. As отметил генеральный директор - генеральный конструктор МНИИ "Агат" Иосиф Акопян, по своим характеристикам и массогабаритным показателям эта АРГС конкурентоспособна with infrared homing devices, which are used in rockets melee and short range. Infra-red head, unlike radar, not suitable for use in all weather conditions. Until now, there was no technical possibility to create active crown to such dimensions - an achievement recent years. As noted by Joseph Akopian, according to the magazine Jan `s, 9B-1103M-150 - The smallest radar head of all. It refers to devices Fifth Generation - ARS is fully digital, switching to "figure" is carried out at the first intermediate frequency. Warm-up time the head after a preliminary including glow to the transmitter is only one second, which is achieved by using fiber-optic gyroscopes, which do not have to unwind. Head 9B-1103M-350 is designed for long-range missiles - it enables you to capture target at a distance of about 40 km. All heads 9B-1103M (also ARS diameter 200 mm, is not represented in Berlin), can be used as missiles in the air-to-air missiles and a missile surface-to-air missiles. According to Joseph Hakobyan, gradually countries, which are now satisfied with the characteristics RVV-AE, or AIM-120 (AMRAM), will move to a new generation of missiles and the heads of such series 9B-1103M.

developed two standardized vnutrifyuzelyazhnyh ejection device: UVKU-50L rocket weighing no more than 300 kg and UVKU-50U - up to 700 kg.

Apparently, in the above text no secrets no. It has been tested, although in general, the materials of the conference had the fingerboard. It happens.

So I better delete the text after 4 hours.

couple of notes - as you see, work on URVV PAKFA to go to the work schedule for himself, before his 2010-2012 these rockets with internal suspension and full gas dynamics not be required. And for a generation 4 + + enough and upgraded missiles. One bounce, with the same P-73 even in the form of RMD-1 butt really (not in the prospectuses of EADS, or anyone else) No one.

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Historians have estimated Russia: the number of dead German soldiers is comparable to the Soviet military losses

newsru.com 08.05.2008

Despite the considerable time since the Second World War, there are countries are still not able to calculate its demographic losses. And, oddly enough, they include Germany. Until now, all researchers have relied the propaganda of Goebbels statistics agency. The number of well-known German graves only on the territory of the former USSR is twice the official data, wrote "New Region".

Such an incredible situation for several reasons, chief among them - defeat of Germany in the war and the division country into two independent of each other. A huge number of files was divided between West and East Germany, and researchers for a long time have not been able join the search. In addition, in the ranks of the Wehrmacht but the Germans were representatives of other countries at that time attached to the Third Reich and did not take into account modern authors.

"People in the war did not spare neither our nor the Germans, - has told a leading researcher at the Center of Military History Institute of Russian History RAS Tatiana Bushueva. - For example, to calculate the Soviet dead is very difficult in 1941 because it was an unmitigated disaster. Calculate those who died can be approximated. For Germans, the situation is even worse because a disaster for them turned out to be the last period of the war - from 1944 to 1945 ".

loss information in Germany came directly from three sources. Acting on the Eastern Front troops did not always belong only to ground forces. Together with them, fought Division of the Air Force and Navy, and military personnel have already been inspected in other departments. Then, through the General Staffs of the data added and quoted an official propaganda.

"It's no secret that they are often undercounted by the authorities - said the director of the Institute of Russian History, RAS Corresponding Member Andrei Sakharov. - They operated Goebbels's propaganda, and the trouble is that even now, after the war, historians have to go to these figures, because that many files were simply destroyed ".

dead Nazis considered little more than 2.5 million of their compatriots. Although only a number of known graves the former Soviet Union is more than 3,2 million and in recent years because of the search groups their number has grown significantly and indirect estimates close to 4 million

In addition, the number of official deaths are not included Germans who were killed in 1945. Namely, in the last four months of the war were very bloody for ground forces fighting Germany, and information about the losses they estimated only indirectly. Thus, in the writings of historian Burkharta Mueller-Gillebranda, a former major general Wehrmacht, in January-May 1945 on the Eastern Front had been lost as missing or captured 1.5 million people.

According to the Soviet General Staff stated in the commission and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the direction of Gregory Krivosheyeva, for the period 1 January to 9 May 1945 were taken captured 1.94 million people. After May 9 on the Eastern Front has capitulated 1,284,000 soldiers. Number of dead Germans are described in this period only hypothetically.

"Based on these data, military historians have concluded that the number of German dead on the Eastern front passes for 4 million" - continues Tatiana Bushueva.

However, for example, Army General Hist. Mahmut Gareev gives a figure of 7 million Calculation is carried out fairly simple, but effective way. Through the ranks of the German armed forces during the war years were 21.2 million people. If you take a certain number of casualties on the Eastern Front (More than 4 million) to add to them fell on other fronts (1.4 million) transferred to industry (2000000), retired on injury, illness, prisoners, deserters, etc. (2,5 million) and captive (about 3 million), as well as remaining in the Wehrmacht at the time of surrender (4800000), a figure involved in the war the Germans 18 million people. Unaccounted for just left another 3 million people, and most likely these people have fallen in battle with the Red Army in the USSR, Poland and other countries. Thus more or less plausible demographic losses of the German army is more than 7 million and 8 million together with its allies. But this is only indirect figures.

"For comparison, the Red The army has suffered in killed and died in hospital 6.1 million, plus 2.5 million prisoners were harassed by the Nazis in concentration camps. Total 8.6 million troops, "- told Senior Fellow, Institute of Russian History, Vladimir Nevezhin. The remaining loss of the Soviet Union, amounting to 18 million people, fall on the civilian population occupied territories affected by the massive Nazi genocide. That is all we have lost in the war about 27 million people.

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text of the declaration, drawn up by the Meeting of the Political

Text declaration, drawn up by the Meeting of the Political
and the proposed August 3, 1919
Commander Gen. Yudenich
for approval.

to the population Russian North-Western Front

declare Russian citizens inhabiting Russian territory of North-Western Front:
As Commander in Chief all the Russian military land and naval forces of the North-Western Front, I am a public authority, subordinates the All-Russia Government and received from him his powers. This defines my state and political program, which is guided by and consisting in my political meeting. And therefore the basis of its military and government work, I believe they also updated the beginning of political freedom and democracy, which has repeatedly and solemnly declared supreme ruler.

Beginnings these are as follows:

1. resolute refusal to return to the old regime. [emphasis I - ER]

2. Reconstituted Russian government should be strengthened on the basis of democracy. For this purpose immediately purged the country of the Bolsheviks and the placement of legal order must be called the All-Russian Constituent Assembly on the basis of universal suffrage, so people could proceed unchecked, reveal his will and establish a form of government that truly carry out the great ideas of freedom, now enshrined throughout miru.

3. Unity Great Russia must be coupled with approval of all nationalities, living on its historical territory, the rights to develop their national and cultural life. In the fight against Bolshevism Homeland decomposed all the peoples of Russia will gain the right to the dispensation of their state of existence as an independent , respectively, for their efforts and participation in a common effort to win over the expansion.

4. Administrative Office of the State should be improved by establishing short and its organic links with the local rural and urban self-government.
All citizens of the Russian state, without distinction nationalities, creeds and classes are equal in rights and duties before the law.

6. All obezpechivaetsya to restore the state-legal life and personal inviolability of the home and civil liberties: the religious conscience, expression of the oral and printed, association, assembly, and strikes.

7. Land the problem is solved according to the will of the people. Land will be transferred to the worker of the agricultural population to secure the property.

8. Interests of the working class will find a complete and comprehensive Disks in specific laws.

citizens, I urge you to rally around the banner recreated on a new basis of the Great Russia. Make every effort to overthrow the opposing will of the Russian people barbarous tyranny of the Bolsheviks, to put an end to fratricidal launched by the Bolsheviks war.